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WGS has been routinely available in the National Health Service (NHS) England for all children with cancer in England since 2021, but its uptake has been variable geographically. To explore the underlying barriers to routine use of WGS in this population across England and more widely in the United Kingdom (UK) and the Republic of Ireland (ROI), a one-day workshop was held in Cambridge, United Kingdom in October 2022.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Following a series of talks, delegates participated in open, round-table discussions to outline local and broader challenges limiting routine WGS for diagnostic work-up for children with cancer in their Principal Treatment Centres (PTCs) and Genomic Laboratory Hubs (GLHs). Within smaller groups, delegates answered structured questions regarding clinical capability, education and training needs, and workforce competence and requirements. Data was recorded, centrally collated, and analysed following the event using thematic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sixty participants attended the workshop with broad representation from the 20 PTCs across the UK and ROI and the seven GLHs in England. All healthcare professionals involved in the WGS pathway were represented, including paediatric oncologists, clinical geneticists, clinical scientists, and histopathologists. The main themes highlighted by the group in ensuring equitable access to WGS identified were: lack of knowledge equity between NHS trusts, with a perception of WGS being for research only; and perception of lack of financial support for the clinical process surrounding WGS, including lack of time to take informed consent from patients. The latter also included limited trained staff available for data interpretation, affecting the turnaround time for reporting. Finally, the need for an integrated digital pathway to order, track, and return data to clinicians was highlighted.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>At the workshop, the general motivation for including WGS in the diagnostic work up for children with cancer was high throughout the UK, however a perceived lack of resources and education opportunities limit the widespread use of this commissioned assay. This workshop has led to some recommendations to increase access to WGS in this population in England and more widely in the devolved national of the UK and the ROI.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-06219-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T19:01:46Z","timestamp":1730919706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Identifying barriers and opportunities to facilitate the uptake of whole genome sequencing in paediatric haematology and oncology practice"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"Bishop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Vedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Bowdin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Bartram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Bentley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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This Research Governance team have confirmed that this study does not constitute research and as such no further review was required from the organisation. Participants were informed in the original email invitation and in pre-workshop papers that de-identified data would be collected during the workshop and that this data would be analysed and published. This information stated that agreeing to attend and attendance on the day would be taken as consent for the data to be collected, analysed and reported. This information was also repeated in person at the beginning of the workshop. MB was present at the workshop to answer any questions and address any concerns including removal of any data from participants who preferred their de-identified information not be included in any reports.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1273"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T22:47:54Z","timestamp":1787870874526,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720051200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The use of antimicrobials in Thailand has been reported as one of the highest in the world in human and animal sectors. Our engagement project aimed to improve our understanding of the issue of antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among adult Thai communities, and co-create locally relevant solutions to AMR, especially those focusing on raising awareness to improve related policies in Thailand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a series of online and in-person \u2018conversations\u2019 according to Wellcome\u2019s \u2018Responsive Dialogues\u2019 engagement approach, designed to bring together different voices to understand complex AMR problems and find potential solutions. This approach enabled key AMR stakeholders and policy makers to hear directly from communities and members of the public, and vice versa. Conversations events took place between 25 November 2020 and 8 July 2022, and we engaged 179 AMR key stakeholders and members of the public across Thailand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The issues found were: there were quite a lot of misunderstandings around antimicrobials and AMR; participants felt that communications and engagement around antimicrobial resistance had limited reach and impact; asking for and taking antibiotics for self-limiting ailments is a social norm in Thailand; and there appeared to be a wide availability of cheap antimicrobials. To mitigate the spread of AMR, participants suggested that the messages around AMR should be tailored to the target audience, there should be more initiatives to increase general health literacy, there should be increased availability of AMR related information at the local level and there should be increased local leadership of AMR mitigation efforts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Trial registration\u00a0<\/jats:bold>\n                    Thaiclinicaltrials.org registration: TCTR20210528003 (28\/05\/2021).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-024-01416-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T08:01:37Z","timestamp":1720080097000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Embedding community and public voices in co-created solutions to mitigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Thailand using the \u2018Responsive Dialogues\u2019 public engagement framework"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tassawan","family":"Poomchaichote","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niyada","family":"Kiatying-Angsulee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanpong","family":"Boonthaworn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhensri","family":"Naemiratch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supanat","family":"Ruangkajorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravikanya","family":"Prapharsavat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaiwat","family":"Thirapantu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karnjariya","family":"Sukrung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Direk","family":"Limmathurotsakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Osterrieder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phaik Yeong","family":"Cheah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"1416_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773215y.0000000030[publishedOnlineFirst:20150907]","volume":"109","author":"F Prestinaci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Prestinaci F, Pezzotti P, Pantosti A. 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However, they face implementation challenges including data accessibility and literacy. Data dashboards offer a method to address these challenges, thereby promoting data-informed practice. This paper reports on a pilot of The School Health Research Network Data Dashboard with secondary schools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Dashboard was piloted by three secondary schools (recruited by size; free school meal entitlement) in Wales, UK. Interviews with school staff (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097) and public health practitioners (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096) were conducted. Data were analysed thematically. Research design, including interview questions, analytical interpretation and code, and theme development utilised Complex Adaptive Systems as the conceptual framework.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>School staff had access to multiple data sets for health promotion but often lacked the time and capacity to utilise them. The Dashboard was perceived to be a user-friendly method of enhancing data accessibility and usability in secondary schools, providing appropriate training and guidance for school staff was available to avoid data misinterpretation. National roll-out of the Dashboard was supported if it aligned with the needs of schools and the wider education system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Dashboard presents an opportunity for data-informed health and well-being practice and could also support schools to meet education system requirements, providing school staff receive appropriate training. This paper offers novel practical, policy-relevant insights on the interaction of digital dashboards with school systems, capacity constraints, and professional learning needs and valuable insights for public health systems seeking to support data-informed practice in educational settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-026-26647-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T07:25:10Z","timestamp":1771399510000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Piloting a data dashboard to support data-informed health promotion in secondary schools: qualitative analysis of stakeholder interviews"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5288-6614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Van Godwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1284-9645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Bowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3388-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4671-2797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7949-4039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Svobodova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3380-4966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Boffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9484-1729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0254-3397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y.","family":"Shenderovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8976-9825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Bevan-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3589-3681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6215-0870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Segrott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9801","key":"26647_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60827-1","volume":"378","author":"C Kieling","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kieling C, Baker-Henningham H, Belfer M, Conti G, Ertem I, Omigbodun O, et al. 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However, the tissue\u2010level organisation of HES5 dynamics in neurogenesis is unknown. Here, we analyse the expression of HES5\n                    <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the developing mouse ventral spinal cord and identify microclusters of 4\u20136 cells with positively correlated HES5 level and ultradian dynamics. These microclusters are spatially periodic along the dorsoventral axis and temporally dynamic, alternating between high and low expression with a supra\u2010ultradian persistence time. We show that Notch signalling is required for temporal dynamics but not the spatial periodicity of HES5. Few Neurogenin 2 cells are observed per cluster, irrespective of high or low state, suggesting that the microcluster organisation of HES5 enables the stable selection of differentiating cells. Computational modelling predicts that different cell coupling strengths underlie the HES5 spatial patterns and rate of differentiation, which is consistent with comparison between the motoneuron and interneuron progenitor domains. Our work shows a previously unrecognised spatiotemporal organisation of neurogenesis, emergent at the tissue level from the synthesis of single\u2010cell dynamics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15252\/msb.20209902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T03:12:59Z","timestamp":1621912379000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A dynamic, spatially periodic, micro\u2010pattern of HES5 underlies neurogenesis in the mouse spinal cord"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9592-385X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Biga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2122-7530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Hawley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2680-1837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ximena","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6383-055X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Johns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9088-1651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayley","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5408-0013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antony D","family":"Adamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0314-9623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jochen","family":"Kursawe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Glendinning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8656-5878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cerys S","family":"Manning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6992-6870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy","family":"Papalopulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFMSB20209902_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2004162","volume":"16","author":"C Baek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baek C, Freem L, Goiame R, Sang H, Morin X, Tozer S (2018) Mib1 prevents Notch Cis\u2010inhibition to defer differentiation and preserve neuroepithelial integrity during neural delamination. 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In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes segregate while sister chromatids co-orient toward the same spindle pole. The mechanisms underlying this specialized segregation pattern remain incompletely understood. Here we identify pathways required for meiosis I chromosome segregation through a forward genetic screen in\n                  <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                  . We find that meiosis I is highly sensitive to perturbations in diverse components of the segregation machinery and define key functional interfaces within complexes important for this division. These include meiosis I\u2013specific regulators that establish the specialized chromosome pattern, namely the monopolin complex that directs sister kinetochore co-orientation and the Spo13\n                  <jats:sup>MOKIR<\/jats:sup>\n                  \u2013Cdc5\n                  <jats:sup>Polo<\/jats:sup>\n                  module that promotes meiosis I chromosome segregation. In addition, we identify mutations affecting the core segregation machinery, including the spindle pole body, spindle midzone, and outer kinetochore, which can disrupt coupling between the chromosome segregation program and the meiotic spindle cycle. Together, our findings reveal that multiple pathways coordinate chromosome segregation with the meiotic divisions and highlight the unique demands of meiosis I.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.04.17.719180","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:05:16Z","timestamp":1776816316000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiple pathways couple kinetochore orientation to the meiotic spindle cycle"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Aparna","family":"Vinod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born 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We used fMRI and representational similarity analysis (RSA) to identify shared neural representations of spoken language phonological structure. A group of deaf adult participants (N = 22), with a mixture of sign language and spoken language backgrounds and reading abilities, were presented with single lexical items as visual speech and dynamic text (cursive text, revealed letter-by-letter to promote a phonological reading strategy). Adult hearing participants (N = 25) were presented with the same words, but as visual speech and auditory speech. Shared neural representations of phonological structure of English words were found in each group in the superior and middle temporal cortex (STC\/MTC) and these abstract representations were more similar across different language forms in better readers. Our data provide neurobiological evidence of the contribution of visual speech to abstract phonological representations of spoken language, that relate to reading proficiency, in both deaf and hearing adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2535704123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T18:11:09Z","timestamp":1779819069000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reading ability in both deaf and hearing adults is linked to neural representations of abstract phonology derived from visual speech"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9667-0671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jx3x895","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London","place":["London, 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As part of a 2-year longitudinal study on Hybridization of UroGenital Schistosomiasis (HUGS) in Malawi, a MGS sub-study was conducted to assess whether hybrid schistosomes were incriminated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>During recruitment, demographic, health and socio-economic data were collected through individual questionnaire interviews in Mthawira community from Nsanje District along Shire River and Samama community from Mangochi District along Lake Malawi shoreline. Urine and semen samples were collected and analysed to determine the identity of schistosome infection. Urine filtration and microscopy, direct microscopy of semen and its sediments (after centrifugation) were performed. Thereafter, the sediments were examined by molecular DNA analysis with a novel two-tube real-time PCR assay. The participants were also screened for Human papilloma virus (HPV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Twenty-two men were recruited for the sub-study, 8 in Nsanje District and 14 in Mangochi District, with a median age of 22.0 years. By microscopy, ten (45.7%) participants had <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic> ova in their urine, 11 (50.0%) in semen while 16 (72.7%) were positive by real-time PCR. One participant had both <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. mattheei<\/jats:italic> ova in his semen, three showed symptoms, and one had a mixed infection of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> and possible <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>S. mattheei<\/jats:italic> hybrid. Twelve men had detectable high-risk HPV serotypes 16, 18 and others while six had <jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic> and other STIs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Zoonotic and hybrid schistosomes can cause MGS similar to human schistosomes, which can be co-infected with HPV and STIs, thereby posing a new challenge in diagnosis, management and control measures in resource poor settings. Increased awareness of these infections among local communities and primary healthcare workers and improvement of disease management are needed and advocated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09732-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T09:02:22Z","timestamp":1724058142000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Detection of male genital schistosomiasis (MGS) associated with human, zoonotic and hybrid schistosomes in Southern Malawi"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Sekeleghe","family":"Kayuni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bright","family":"Mainga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dingase","family":"Kumwenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David Lally","family":"Jnr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priscilla","family":"Chammudzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donales","family":"Kapira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gladys","family":"Namacha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Chisale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tereza","family":"Nchembe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Kinley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ephraim","family":"Chibwana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bessie","family":"Ntaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Chapweteka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waleke","family":"Khumalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Chibowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Kumfunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Juhasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Archer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angus M.","family":"O\u2019Ferrall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Rollason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Chiphwanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Makaula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. 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This typically involves manual delineation to measure the rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RFCSA), which is a subjective, time-consuming, and laborious task that requires significant expertise. We aimed to develop and evaluate an AI tool that performs automated recognition and measurement of RFCSA to support non-expert operators in measurement of the RFCSA using muscle ultrasound. Twenty patients were recruited between Feb 2023 and July 2023 and were randomized sequentially to operators using AI (n\u2009=\u200910) or non-AI (n\u2009=\u200910). Muscle loss during ICU stay was similar for both methods: 26\u2009\u00b1\u200915% for AI and 23\u2009\u00b1\u200911% for the non-AI, respectively (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.13). In total 59 ultrasound examinations were carried out (30 without AI and 29 with AI). When assisted by our AI tool, the operators showed less variability between measurements with higher intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs 0.999 95% CI 0.998\u20130.999 vs. 0.982 95% CI 0.962\u20130.993) and lower Bland Altman limits of agreement (\u00b1\u20091.9% vs. \u00b1\u20096.6%) compared to not using the AI tool. The time spent on scans reduced significantly from a median of 19.6 min (IQR 16.9\u201321.7) to 9.4 min (IQR 7.2\u201311.7) compared to when using the AI tool (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). AI-assisted muscle ultrasound removes the need for manual tracing, increases reproducibility and saves time. This system may aid monitoring muscle size in ICU patients assisting rehabilitation programmes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-64564-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T15:21:54Z","timestamp":1719415314000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Clinical evaluation of AI-assisted muscle ultrasound for monitoring muscle wasting in ICU patients"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Phung Tran Huy","family":"Nhat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Van Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lam Minh","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen 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Clinical trial evidence to date is inconclusive. Favipiravir has been recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 in some countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a multicentre open-label, randomised, controlled, adaptive platform trial, low-risk adult patients with early symptomatic COVID-19 were randomised to one of ten treatment arms including high dose oral favipiravir (3.6g on day 0 followed by 1.6g daily to complete 7 days treatment) or no study drug. The primary outcome was the rate of viral clearance (derived under a linear mixed-effects model from the daily log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      viral densities in standardised duplicate oropharyngeal swab eluates taken daily over 8 days [18 swabs per patient]), assessed in a modified intention-to-treat population (mITT). The safety population included all patients who received at least one dose of the allocated intervention. This ongoing adaptive platform trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05041907) on 13\/09\/2021.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the final analysis, the mITT population contained data from 114 patients randomised to favipiravir and 126 patients randomised concurrently to no study drug. Under the linear mixed-effects model fitted to all oropharyngeal viral density estimates in the first 8 days from randomisation (4,318 swabs), there was no difference in the rate of viral clearance between patients given favipiravir and patients receiving no study drug; a -1% (95% credible interval: -14 to 14%) difference. High dose favipiravir was well-tolerated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Favipiravir does not accelerate viral clearance in early symptomatic COVID-19. The viral clearance rate estimated\u00a0from quantitative measurements of oropharyngeal eluate viral densities assesses the antiviral efficacy of drugs in vivo with comparatively few studied\u00a0patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08835-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T06:02:18Z","timestamp":1705298538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Clinical antiviral efficacy of favipiravir in early COVID-19 (PLATCOV): an open-label, randomised, controlled, adaptive platform trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Viravarn","family":"Luvira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William H. 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Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2022;66:e0019222.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08835-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08835-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08835-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T18:01:47Z","timestamp":1705341707000},"score":9.834927,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08835-3"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08835-3","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2675703\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 November 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All patients provided fully informed written consent. The trial was approved by local and national research ethics boards in Thailand (Faculty of Tropical Medicine Ethics Committee, Mahidol University, FTMEC Ref: TMEC 21\u2013058) and the Central Research Ethics Committee (CREC, Bangkok, Thailand, CREC Ref: CREC048\/64BP-MED34), in Brazil by the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (COEP-UFMG, Minas Gerais, Brazil, COEP-UFMG) and National Research Ethics Commission- (CONEP, Brazil, COEP-UFMG and CONEP Ref: CAAE:51593421.1.0000.5149), and by the Oxford University Tropical Research Ethics Committee (OxTREC, Oxford, UK, OxTREC Ref: 24\u201321). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations (e.g. Declaration of Helsinki).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"89"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T12:18:58Z","timestamp":1788351538651,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":193,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["226014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["226014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["224315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["224315"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["107769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107769"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["203077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wellcomeopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wellcome Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Severe anaemia and invasive bacterial infections remain important causes of hospitalization and death among young African children. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance demand better understanding of bacteraemia risk factors to inform prevention strategies. Epidemiological studies have reported an association between severe anaemia and bacteraemia. In this review, we explore evidence that severe anaemia is associated with increased risk of invasive bacterial infections in young children. We describe mechanisms of iron dysregulation in severe anaemia that might contribute to increased risk and pathogenesis of invasive bacteria, recent advances in knowledge of how iron deficiency and severe anaemia impair immune responses to bacterial infections and vaccines, and the gaps in our understanding of mechanisms underlying severe anaemia, iron deficiency, and the risk of invasive bacterial infections.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.18829.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T08:09:56Z","timestamp":1675325396000},"page":"48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Severe anaemia, iron deficiency, and susceptibility to invasive bacterial infections"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5726-1776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelvin M.","family":"Abuga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Nairz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9694-0846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calman A.","family":"MacLennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8360-4402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah H.","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417-32","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70072-4","article-title":"Community-acquired bloodstream infections in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"10","author":"E 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Measuring resistance in commensal bacteria could provide an objective indicator for evaluating the impact of interventions to reduce antibiotic use and resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and bacterial recovery for different sampling strategies. We conducted a cross-sectional mixed methods study in a rural community in Ha Nam Province, northern Vietnam, and collected structured interviews, samples, and in-depth interviews from households. Out of 389 households invited, 324 participated (83%), representing 1502 individuals. Samples were collected from these individuals (1498 stool, 1002 self-administered nasal swabs, and 496 HW-administered nasopharyngeal swabs). Pneumococci were recovered from 11.1% (128\/1149) of the total population and 26.2% (48\/183) of those under 5-years. Recovery was higher for health-worker (HW)-administered swabs (13.7%, 48\/350) than self-administered swabs (10.0%, 80\/799) (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.07\u20133.96).\u00a0Cost\u00a0per swab was\u00a0cheaper for self-administered ($7.26) than HW-administered\u00a0($8.63) swabs, but the overall\u00a0cost for 100 positive samples was higher ($7260 and\u00a0$6300 respectively).\ufeff Qualitative interviews revealed that HW-administered nasopharyngeal swabs took longer to collect, caused more discomfort, and were more difficult to take from children. Factors affecting participation included sense of contribution, perceived trade-offs between benefits and effort, and peer influence. Reluctance was related to stool sampling and negative perceptions of research. This study provides important evidence for planning community-based carriage studies, including cost, logistics, and acceptability. Self-administered swabs had lower recovery, and though cheaper and quicker, this would translate to higher costs for large population-based studies. Recovery might be improved by swab-type, transport medium, and better cold-chain to lab.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-27084-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T06:02:48Z","timestamp":1672293768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Feasibility, acceptability, and bacterial recovery for community-based sample collection to estimate antibiotic resistance in commensal gut and upper respiratory tract bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hoang Huy","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hien Anh Thi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huyen Bang","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bich Ngoc Thi","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tu Cam Thi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Costanza","family":"Tacoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thao Phuong","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tung Son","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thien Huong Ngoc","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Behzad","family":"Nadjm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kieu H\u01b0\u01a1ng Thi","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quynh Dieu","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Hong Thi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trang Thu","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thai Duy","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kesteman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duc Anh","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tien Dac","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. 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PLoS ONE 8(6), e68097 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"27084_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000257425.24492.11","volume":"26","author":"SM Granat","year":"2007","unstructured":"Granat, S. M. et al. Longitudinal study on pneumococcal carriage during the first year of life in Bangladesh. Pediatr. Infect Dis. J. 26(4), 319\u2013324 (2007).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect Dis. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"27084_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31814da70c","volume":"27","author":"O Abdullahi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Abdullahi, O., Nyiro, J., Lewa, P., Slack, M. & Scott, J. A. G. The descriptive epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae nasopharyngeal carriage in children and adults in Kilifi district, Kenya. Pediatr. Infect Dis. J. 27(1), 59\u201364 (2008).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect Dis. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"27084_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35061","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035061","volume":"7","author":"G Regev-Yochay","year":"2012","unstructured":"Regev-Yochay, G. et al. Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in the Gaza strip. PLoS ONE 7(4), e35061 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"27084_CR45","unstructured":"World Bank Group. Climate Change Knowledge Portal [Internet]. [cited 2022 Mar 29]. Available from: https:\/\/climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org\/country\/vietnam\/climate-data-historical."}],"container-title":["Scientific 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June 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 December 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 December 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"22512"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T05:23:37Z","timestamp":1787289817567,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100028897","name":"Wellcome Leap","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["219610\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["219610\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100028897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100028897","name":"Wellcome Leap","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["219610\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["219610\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100028897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100028897","name":"Wellcome 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Leap","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["219610\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["219610\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100028897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Womens Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Placental dysfunction contributes substantially to adverse perinatal outcomes, yet current antenatal monitoring tools provide limited direct assessment of placental physiology. We used an optimised time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS) system (MAESTROS II) to measure placental oxygenation (PltO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and metabolism across gestation and describe expected physiological behaviour and provide preliminary reference data in healthy pregnancies. In this prospective observational study, 113 women with low-risk singleton pregnancies underwent 30-minute TD-NIRS monitoring sessions. Placental position and depth were assessed by ultrasound, and skin pigmentation by Fitzpatrick scale. PltO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , changes in cytochrome-c-oxidase oxidation state (oxCCO), and the phase relationship between a haemodynamic oxygen-related signal (haemoglobin difference, HbD) and oxCCO were analysed. Mean PltO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    was 50.4% (\u00b16.6%) with no significant gestational change. Placental depth, location, and skin tone did not significantly affect measurements. Wavelet analysis demonstrated predominantly out-of-phase HbD-oxCCO relationships, suggesting independent metabolic regulation. These findings provide reference data and support the potential clinical utility of monitoring placental function using optical measurements of oxygenation and metabolism.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s44294-026-00161-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T04:26:19Z","timestamp":1787286379000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Monitoring placental oxygenation and metabolism using a time-domain near infrared spectroscopy system"],"prefix":"10.1038","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8654-9253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niccole","family":"Ranaei-Zamani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uzair","family":"Hakim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olayinka","family":"Kowobari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Newth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vatsla","family":"Dadhwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Sebire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Siassakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara L.","family":"Hillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna L.","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakim-Moulay","family":"Dehbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilias","family":"Tachtsidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhabrata","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"container-title":["npj Women's Health"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s44294-026-00161-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T04:26:19Z","timestamp":1787286379000},"score":9.814606,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s44294-026-00161-8"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44294-026-00161-8","ISSN":["2948-1716"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2948-1716","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T13:42:12Z","timestamp":1770039732398,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome 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Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2\/226120\/Z\/22\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/226120\/Z\/22\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2\/226120\/Z\/22\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/226120\/Z\/22\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106680\/Z\/14\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106680\/Z\/14\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2\/226120\/Z\/22\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/226120\/Z\/22\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data on the dynamics and persistence of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after primary vaccination with two-dose inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) are limited. This study evaluated the sequential effects of prior infection, heterologous boosting with mRNA-1273 (Moderna), and the occurrence of Omicron vaccine-breakthrough infection (VBI) thereafter.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We evaluated anti-spike IgG (Abbott) and neutralising (cPASS\/GenScript) antibody (nAb) titers up to one year after mRNA-1273 boost in two-dose-CoronaVac-primed Indonesian healthcare workers (August 2021-August 2022). We used linear mixed modeling to estimate the rate of change in antibody levels, and logistic regression to examine associations between antibody levels and VBI.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of 138 participants, 52 (37.7%) had a prior infection and 78 (56.5%) received an mRNA-1273 booster. After two-dose CoronaVac, antibody titers had significantly declined within 180\u00a0days, irrespective of prior infection. After mRNA-1273 booster, anti-spike IgG (1.47% decline\/day) and Omicron B.1.1.529\/BA.2 nAbs declined between day 28\u201390, and IgG titers plateaued between day 90\u2013360. During the BA.1\/BA.2 wave (February\u2013March 2022), 34.6% (27\/78) of individuals experienced a VBI (median 181\u00a0days after mRNA-1273), although none developed severe illness. VBI was associated with low pre-VBI anti-spike IgG and B.1.1.529\/BA.2 nAbs, which were restored post-VBI.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>mRNA-1273 booster after two-dose CoronaVac did not prevent BA.1\/BA.2 VBI. Periodic vaccine boosters may be warranted against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09644-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T09:03:13Z","timestamp":1722502993000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody dynamics after primary vaccination with two-dose inactivated whole-virus vaccine, heterologous mRNA-1273 vaccine booster, and Omicron breakthrough infection in Indonesian health care workers"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Suwarti","family":"Suwarti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Lazarus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabighoh","family":"Zanjabila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Sinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fransiska","family":"Fransiska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresia","family":"Deborah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dwi","family":"Oktavia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junaidah","family":"Junaidah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santayana","family":"Santayana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Surendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeng","family":"Yuliana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herlina","family":"Pardosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nunung","family":"Nuraeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saraswati","family":"Soebianto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Novi Dwi","family":"Susilowati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Decy","family":"Subekti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Pradipta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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All participants provided written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"768"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T10:37:49Z","timestamp":1786358269522,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596412800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596412800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["098387\/Z\/12\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["098387\/Z\/12\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["212284\/Z\/18\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212284\/Z\/18\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["109109\/Z\/15\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["109109\/Z\/15\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["095552\/Z\/11\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["095552\/Z\/11\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair and recombine, enabling balanced segregation and generating genetic diversity. In many vertebrates, double-strand breaks (DSBs) initiate recombination within hotspots where PRDM9 binds, and deposits H3K4me3 and H3K36me3. However, no protein(s) recognising this unique combination of histone marks have been identified. We identified\n                    <jats:italic>Zcwpw1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , containing H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 recognition domains, as having highly correlated expression with\n                    <jats:italic>Prdm9<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Here, we show that ZCWPW1 has co-evolved with PRDM9 and, in human cells, is strongly and specifically recruited to PRDM9 binding sites, with higher affinity than sites possessing H3K4me3 alone. Surprisingly, ZCWPW1 also recognises CpG dinucleotides. Male\n                    <jats:italic>Zcwpw1<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout mice show completely normal DSB positioning, but persistent DMC1 foci, severe DSB repair and synapsis defects, and downstream sterility. Our findings suggest ZCWPW1 recognition of PRDM9-bound sites at DSB hotspots is critical for synapsis, and hence fertility.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.53392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T08:00:39Z","timestamp":1596441639000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.53392","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["ZCWPW1 is recruited to recombination hotspots by PRDM9 and is essential for meiotic double strand break repair"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2007-8978","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Wells","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United 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Studies of urban scaling have unveiled how cities\u2019 socio-economic and infrastructural attributes vary systematically with city size. Previous studies have explored the scaling properties of health outcomes across metropolitan areas in different countries, but chronic diseases have been infrequently examined. This paper examines scaling behaviors of 4 cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension, diabetes, tobacco smoking, and obesity across 230 cities in six countries of Latin America. In analyses pooled across countries, diabetes and hypertension showed weakly superlinear scaling (higher prevalence in larger cities). In comparison, obesity showed linear scaling, and tobacco showed weakly sublinear scaling (lower prevalence in larger cities), although most coefficients did not differ significantly from the null. In country-specific analyses, hypertension and diabetes tended to show a superlinear pattern across most countries, obesity tended to show a sublinear pattern in most countries, and tobacco tended to be superlinear (in contrast to the analysis pooled across countries where it was sublinear). Results suggest the need to examine further the drivers of this varying scaling of risk factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-92087-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T08:45:51Z","timestamp":1740818751000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Scaling of cardiovascular risk factors in 230 Latin American cities"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Aureliano S. 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This study aimed at assessing the association between high blood pressure levels and 10-year mortality using the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC-7) and the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC\/AHA) 2017 blood pressure guidelines.<\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Methods<\/ns3:bold>\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>Data of the PERU MIGRANT Study, a prospective ongoing cohort, was used. The outcome of interest was 10-year all-cause mortality, and exposures were blood pressure categories according to the JNC-7 and ACC\/AHA 2017 guidelines. Log-rank test, Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models were used to assess the associations of interest controlling for confounders. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated.<\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Results<\/ns3:bold>\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>A total of 976 records, mean age of 60.4 (SD: 11.4), 513 (52.6%) women, were analyzed. Hypertension prevalence at baseline almost doubled from 16.0% (95% CI 13.7%\u201318.4%) to 31.3% (95% CI 28.4%\u201334.3%), using the JNC-7 and ACC\/AHA 2017 definitions, respectively. Sixty-three (6.4%) participants died during the 10-year follow-up, equating to a mortality rate of 3.6 (95% CI 2.4\u20134.7) per 1000 person-years. Using JNC-7, and compared to those with normal blood pressure, those with pre-hypertension and hypertension had 2-fold and 3.5-fold increased risk of death, respectively. Similar mortality effect sizes were estimated using ACC\/AHA 2017 for stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension.<\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Conclusions<\/ns3:bold>\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>Blood pressure levels under two different definitions increased the risk of 10-year all-cause mortality. Hypertension prevalence doubled using ACC\/AHA 2017 compared to JNC-7. The choice of blood pressure cut-offs to classify hypertension categories need to be balanced against the patients benefit and the capacities of the health system to adequately handle a large proportion of new patients.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.73900.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T04:45:08Z","timestamp":1681274708000},"page":"1134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Blood pressure and 10-year all-cause mortality: Findings from the PERU MIGRANT Study"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Aida","family":"Hidalgo-Benites","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Senosain-Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo M.","family":"Carrillo-Larco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ruiz-Alejos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Gilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liam","family":"Smeeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4738-5468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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Afr. 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We do now understand the age cut-off at year 30 and thank the authors for clarification. Nonetheless, we are wondering how the new categorization is justified. With regards to blood pressure and mortality, we would think that particularly the age group 60+ might be at high risk and thus, more detailed analysis (i.e., splitting into further age group 60-69, 70-79, etc.) might be of interest. We kindly ask the authors for more details on the stratification choice. Overall, though, we still recommend including age as a covariate measured on a continuous scale to improve the power of the analysis.<\/b>  \n<b><i>Response:<\/i><\/b> The categorization of the age variable is due to the fact that the sampling approach was stratified by age in that way (i.e., 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and 60+). For instance, even we can adjust for that variable in different forms (i.e., using different cut-offs or in a continuous fashion), the best way would be to adjust for the form the variable was stratified. This was explained in the \u201cSettings and participants\u201d subheading in the Methods section. In addition, this was added in the Statistical analysis subheading:  \u201c\n<i>Potential confounders were selected under epidemiological criteria. Since the selection of the participant\u2019s sample was stratified by age (i.e., 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60+), such variable was included in that form in adjusted models.<\/i>\u201d  \n<b>2. Current guidelines used to report the results of observational studies such as STROBE clearly state that inferential measures should not be used for description of the study population. In line with that, we strongly suggest to delete all p-values from tables 1-3 and to simply describe the characteristics of the study participants. Further, and also as advanced by current guidelines, the use of p-values is not an appropriate criterion for selecting which confounders to adjust for in the analysis. Consequently, we advocate that any statement about potential associations based on single p-values should be avoided.<\/b>  \n<b><i>Response:<\/i><\/b> We have deleted p-values from tables 1 to 3 as suggested. We have not selected confounders based on p-values, but in an epidemiological approach (pre-specified model).  \n<b>3. We thank the authors for rewriting the Statistical analysis section where they refer to the Kaplan-Meier estimator. In the text it now reads that the evaluation of the proportional hazard assumption is based on visual inspection of a graph. For higher transparency and better understanding, we would suggest to include the graph in the article or as supporting material.<\/b>  \n<b><i>Response:<\/i><\/b>\n<b> <\/b>We have included the figure in the manuscript as requested. We believe the figure does not add more information. Thus, we think the figure should be included in online material but F1000Research does not accept supplemental material. We leave the final decision to include the figure to the reviewer and the editor.  \n<b>4. We are pleased to see that the authors followed our recommendation and changed the term \u201cbivariate model\u201d. Though, the term \u201cbivariable model\u201d is still somewhat misleading and rather uncommon to use. We would suggest to simply refer to an \u201cassociation\u201d.<\/b>  \n<b><i>Response:<\/i><\/b> We have deleted the word bivariable from the text of the manuscript.  \n<b>5. As suggested by the authors, we have reviewed the Public health relevance section for more information on how their study provides input e.g. for local decision making or public health implications. From our point of view, the article still lacks precise guidance in which way the estimates\/results from the study presented in the article can be used for decision making with respect to benefits and risks for patients with newly diagnosed hypertension. Consequently, we highly recommend that the authors explain the implications of their study in more detail and that they provide concrete ideas of possible future activities.<\/b>  \n<b><i>Response:<\/i><\/b> This is an observational study looking at the association between two different guidelines for hypertension definition and all-cause mortality, and not a clinical trial to do decision making. However, according to our results, we have added some lines:  \n<i>\u201cTreatment must be guaranteed for hypertension (using JNC-7) and stage 2 hypertension (ACC\/AHA 2017) to reduce mortality risk. If this effect can be seen in pre-hypertension (JNC-7) and stage 1 hypertension (ACC\/AHA 2017) should be further assessed.\u201d<\/i>  \n<b>6. In our first review we noted that the authors were not consistent in their writing and with the vocabulary used in the tables, e.g. &quot;stage 1&quot; vs. &quot;stage-1&quot; vs. &quot;stage I&quot; (same applies for \u201cstage 2\u201d). In the reviewed article we still find inconsistencies, particularly comparing the Public health relevance section with the rest of the text.<\/b>  \n<b><i>Response:<\/i><\/b> We have reviewed through manuscript, tables and figures to keep consistency.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-1134\/v3#referee-comment-9541","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-9541","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.146604.r221681, Margarita Gutierrez, University of the Philippines Manila College of Pharmacy, Manila, 09 Nov 2023, version 3, 2 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-1134\/v3#referee-response-221681","order":2,"name":"referee-response-221681","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 13 Nov 2023<\/i>; \n<b>Sample Size and Generalizability: While the study provides valuable insights, it is important to ensure that the sample size and characteristics of the study population are representative of the broader population. A larger and more diverse sample could enhance the generalizability of the findings.<\/b> \n<b><i>Response:<\/i><\/b> This is a secondary analysis of an existing dataset. The idea of the original study was to compare the cardiometabolic profile of three different populations (urban, rural-to-urban migrants, and rural dwellers). Even, we tried to take a random sample of participants for each population group, such selection was done in specific study sites using an age- and sex-stratification approach. Based on that, it is not possible to increase the sample size of the study.  \n<b>Confounding Factors: The study controlled for confounding factors, but it is essential to consider potential unmeasured confounders that might affect the relationship between blood pressure and mortality. A more comprehensive assessment of confounding variables, including lifestyle factors and comorbidities, would strengthen the study.<\/b> \n<b><i>Response:<\/i><\/b> We agree with the reviewer. Our adjusted model was built using epidemiological criteria and information available in the dataset. As a result, we did not include variables, important to control the model, but not present in the database. We have clarified that in the Statistical analysis section. In addition, we have added a comment about that in the Strengths and Limitations section: \n<i>\u201c<\/i>\n<i>Second, some variables, relevant to understand the relationship between hypertension and all-cause mortality, were not available (e.g., diet patterns, salt consumption, among others).\u201d<\/i> &nbsp; \n<b>Long-Term Follow-Up: Ten years is a substantial follow-up period, but extending the observation period further could provide additional insights into the relationship between blood pressure and long-term mortality.<\/b> \n<b><i>Response:<\/i><\/b> As pointed out by the reviewer, extending observation period would be ideal, but currently, that is not possible. Available information was used for this manuscript.  \n<b>Clinical Implications: The authors should provide recommendations for healthcare practitioners based on their findings. This could include guidance on blood pressure management strategies, especially considering the increased prevalence of hypertension when using ACC\/AHA 2017 guidelines.<\/b> \n<b>Response:<\/b> We would like to add a comment to provide recommendation for healthcare practitioners. However, this is an observational study looking at the association between two different guidelines for hypertension definition and all-cause mortality, and not a clinical trial to do decision making. Nevertheless, we have included a couple of sentences have been added: \n<i>\u201cFrom the clinical perspective, a tailored follow-up of those individuals with pre-hypertension may be required to decide appropriate treatment, even high-risk stratification may be considered. In addition to that, a combination of population-wide interventions may be also needed.\u201d<\/i>  \n<b>Discussion of Potential Biases: The study should address potential biases, such as selection bias or measurement bias, and explain how these were minimized or managed.<\/b> \n<b><i>Response:<\/i><\/b> Thanks for the suggestion. We have added that in the Strengths and Limitations section: \n<i>\u201c<\/i>\n<i>Fourth, selection bias can be an issue as studied population groups were selected in specific sites and may not be totally representative of the general population. In addition, measurement bias may be present. However, standard procedures were used to assess blood pressure levels.\u201d<\/i>  \n<b>Public Health Impact: The study mentions the capacity of healthcare systems to manage a larger number of hypertensive patients. A discussion of the potential public health impact of increased hypertension prevalence and its associated resource implications would be valuable.<\/b> Response: We have discussed this point in our manuscript. We have extended some topics: \n<i>\u201c<\/i>\n<i>Peru is a middle-income country with a fragile and fragmented healthcare system, with poor response to the challenges of chronic conditions. Increasing the number of people with hypertension may benefit those with blood pressure levels in the range 130\u2013139\/80\u201389 mm Hg, but would represent a major investment (i.e., human resources, budget and time) so that these patients can receive adequate treatment, management, and follow-up.\u201d<\/i>","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/10-1134\/v3#referee-comment-10564","order":3,"name":"referee-comment-10564","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"RMC-L is supported by a Wellcome Trust International Training Fellowship, London, UK (214185\/Z\/18\/Z). AB-O (103994\/Z\/14\/Z) and JJM (074833\/Z\/04\/Z, 20517\/Z\/16\/Z) were supported by the Wellcome Trust, London, UK. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":4,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T08:43:02Z","timestamp":1782549782028,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media 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risk factors recorded at a single visit. However, the comparative utility of single versus sequential risk factor measurements for stroke prediction is unclear. Risk factors were recorded on three separate visits on 13,753 individuals in the prospective China Kadoorie Biobank. All participants were stroke-free at baseline (2004\u20132008), first resurvey (2008), and second resurvey (2013\u20132014), and were followed-up for incident cases of first stroke in the 3\u00a0years following the second resurvey. To reflect the models currently used in clinical practice, sex-specific Cox models were developed to estimate 3-year risks of stroke using single measurements recorded at second resurvey and were retrospectively applied to risk factor data from previous visits. Temporal trends in the Cox-generated risk estimates from 2004 to 2014 were analyzed using linear mixed effects models. To assess the value of more flexible machine learning approaches and the incorporation of longitudinal data, we developed gradient boosted tree (GBT) models for 3-year prediction of stroke using both single measurements and sequential measurements of risk factor inputs. Overall, Cox-generated estimates for 3-year stroke risk increased by 0.3% per annum in men and 0.2% per annum in women, but varied substantially between individuals. The risk estimates at second resurvey were highly correlated with the annual increase of risk for each individual (men: r\u2009=\u20090.91, women: r\u2009=\u20090.89), and performance of the longitudinal GBT models was comparable with both Cox and GBT models that considered measurements from only a single visit (AUCs: 0.779\u20130.811 in men, 0.724\u20130.756 in women). These results provide support for current clinical guidelines, which recommend using risk factor measurements recorded at a single visit for stroke prediction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95244-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T04:16:11Z","timestamp":1632975371000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Utility of single versus sequential measurements of risk factors for prediction of stroke in Chinese 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